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Truman was the first vice president to have a Secret Service agent assigned to him. The Roosevelt–Truman ticket achieved a 432–99 electoral-vote victory in the election, defeating the Republican ticket of Governor Thomas E. Dewey of New York and running mate Governor John Bricker of Ohio. One reason was that his wife and sister Mary Jane were both on his Senate staff payroll, and he feared negative publicity. Truman had repeatedly said that he was not in the race and that he did not want the vice presidency, and he remained reluctant.

At a glance: the Truman presidency

The Nationalists had been major wartime allies and had large-scale popular support in the United States, along with a powerful lobby. Truman did not know what to do about China, where the Nationalists and Communists were fighting a large-scale civil war. The Solid South rejected civil rights as those states still enforced segregation. He broke with the New Deal by initiating an aggressive civil rights program which he termed a moral priority. As he readied for the 1948 election, Truman made clear his identity as a Democrat in the New Deal tradition, advocating for national health insurance, and repeal of the Taft–Hartley Act. This dissatisfaction led to large Democratic losses in the 1946 midterm elections, and Republicans took control of Congress for the first time since 1930.

Calls for civil rights

Subsequently, Truman went into a retirement marked by the founding of his presidential library and the publication of his memoirs. In 1948, he proposed that Congress should pass comprehensive civil rights legislation. As the 34th vice president in 1945, he assumed the presidency upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt that year. The Roosevelt-Truman ticket garnered 53 percent of the vote to 46 percent for their Republican rivals, and Truman took the oath of office as vice president on January 20, 1945. Respected by his Senate colleagues and admired by the public at large, Truman was selected to run as Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s vice president on the 1944 Democratic ticket, replacing Henry A. Wallace. While taking care not to jeopardize the massive effort being launched to prepare the nation for war, the Truman Committee (officially the Special Committee Investigating National Defense) exposed graft and deficiencies in production.

• Beginning in 1949, the president was also granted a $50,000 (equivalent to $661,000 in 2024) expense allowance, which was initially tax-free, and did not have to be accounted for.
• Although the allowance became taxable later in his presidency, Truman never reported it on his tax return, and converted some of the funds to cash he kept in the White House safe and later in a safe deposit box in Kansas City.
• His term lasted just 82 days, however, during which time he met with the president only twice.
• The Roosevelt-Truman ticket garnered 53 percent of the vote to 46 percent for their Republican rivals, and Truman took the oath of office as vice president on January 20, 1945.
• The war was a transformative experience in which Truman manifested his leadership qualities.

Hydrogen bomb decision

In 1951, the United States ratified the 22nd Amendment, making a president ineligible for election to a third term or for election to a second full term after serving more than two remaining years of a term of a previously elected president. There was no large-scale fighting but instead several local civil wars as well as the ever-present threat of a catastrophic nuclear war. He appointed fellow colonel and civil rights icon Blake R. Van Leer to the board of the United States Naval Academy and UNESCO who had a focus to work against racism through influential statements on race. A 1947 report by the Truman administration titled To Secure These Rights presented a detailed ten-point agenda of civil rights reforms. At the same time, he felt political pressure to indicate a strong national security. When the communists took control of the mainland, establishing the People's Republic of China and driving the nationalists to Taiwan, Truman would have been willing to maintain some relationship between the United States and the new government, but Mao was unwilling.
With army friend Edward Jacobson he opened a haberdashery, but the business failed in the severe recession of the early 1920s. Vice President Harry S. Truman was sworn in as president of the United States on April 12, 1945, after the death of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who died suddenly of a cerebral hemorrhage. Harry S. Truman served as the 33rd president of the United States from April 12, 1945, to January 20, 1953. After the war had ended, Truman played an important role in the betory casino registration reconstruction of Europe. The large-scale destruction forced the Japanese to surrender and quickly brought the war to an end. Although Europe was relatively safe and the war was nearly over, the Japanese front was still raging.

A Detailed Timeline of Harry S. Truman’s Presidency

This article provides a detailed timeline of Truman’s presidency, highlighting key events and milestones. The Truman administration went beyond the New Deal in the area of civil rights. On January 20, 1945, he took the vice-presidential oath, and after President Roosevelt's unexpected death only eighty-two days later on April 12, 1945, he was sworn in as the nations' thirty-third President.

• Truman’s presidency was marked by important foreign policy initiatives.
• The end of World War II was followed by an uneasy transition from war to a peacetime economy.
• We must ensure that these rights – on equal terms – are enjoyed by every citizen.
• He was eligible for reelection in 1952 but he chose not to run due to poor polling.
• In 1951, the United States ratified the 22nd Amendment, making a president ineligible for election to a third term or for election to a second full term after serving more than two remaining years of a term of a previously elected president.
• They won the election and Truman became the Vice President.

Many of the New Deal programs that persisted during Truman's presidency have since received minor improvements and extensions. In one notable instance of bipartisanship, Congress passed the Presidential Succession Act of 1947, which replaced the secretary of state with the Speaker of the House and the president pro tempore of the Senate as successor to the president after the vice president. When Truman dropped to 32 percent in the polls, Democratic Arkansas Senator William Fulbright suggested that Truman resign; the president said he did not care what Senator "Halfbright" said. The president's approval rating dropped from 82 percent in the polls in January 1946 to 52 percent by June.

Blair House and assassination attempt

On January 31, 1950, Truman made the decision to go forward on the grounds that if the Soviets could make an H-bomb, the United States must do so as well and stay ahead in the nuclear arms race. Over the next several months there was an intense debate that split the U.S. government, military, and scientific communities regarding whether to proceed with the development of the far more powerful hydrogen bomb. Truman's second inauguration on January 20, 1949, was the first ever televised nationally. The final tally showed the president had secured 303 electoral votes, Dewey 189, and Thurmond only 39. The three major polling organizations stopped polling well before the November 2 election date—Roper in September, and Crossley and Gallup in October—thus failing to measure the period when Truman appears to have surged past Dewey. The large crowds at Truman's whistle-stop events were an important sign of a change in momentum in the campaign, but this shift went virtually unnoticed by the national press corps.

What was Harry S. Truman’s reaction to communist North Korea’s attempt to seize noncommunist South Korea in 1950?

At the Kansas City Law School (now the University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Law) but dropped out after losing reelection as county judge. In addition to having briefly attended business college, from 1923 to 1925 he took night courses toward an LL.B. Truman is the only president since William McKinley (elected in 1896) who did not earn a college degree.